Kev Tshawb Fawb Phau Ntawv Npog Hardcover hauv Cov Khoom: Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas, Txheej Txheej, thiab Kaum Ob Hlis -Kev Xeem Lub Limtiam
Tso lus
Qhov Kev Tsis Txaus Siab Tuaj Txog Lub Limtiam Kaum Ob
Yuav luag txhua "cov npog tau ploj mus lawm" email hais txog cov ntaub ntawv npog tawv tawv rov qab mus rau ob lossis peb kab lus tshwj xeeb uas tsis tau sau tseg. Qhov twg ob lossis peb yog nyob ntawm seb lub npog yog ua li cas. Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho cov lus sib cav ntawm daim no, yog li nws tsim nyog muab tso ua ntej, ua ntej zaj dab neeg uas tsim nws.
Tsis muaj leej twg yws txog phau ntawv teev npe ntawm - tawm. Kev pom zoo ua piv txwv yog cov txheej txheem zoo rau kev ntes cov khoom tsis raug rau hnub ib: lub logo ob millimeters tawm ntawm qhov chaw, Pantone uas ntws, lossis lub rooj tsavxwm uas xav tias nyias dua li cov lus qhia tau hais. Qhov kev pom zoo li cas tsis tau tsim los ntes yog qhov uas tshwm sim hauv lub lim tiam kaum ob, thaum cov phau ntawv tau nyob hauv hnab, ntawm windowsills, hauv tsheb, thiab hauv chaw ua haujlwm uas khiav lawv cov cua txias txawv ntawm koj chav ua yeeb yam.
Qhov kev khiav uas qhia peb txog qhov kev kim kim no yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm A5 hard cover notebooks hauv soft-kov PU hla greyboard, xa mus rau ib tug distributor ua lag luam Gulf. Txhua qhov ua ntej - qauv tsim tau dhau lawm. Thawj daim duab ntawm ib tug lifted ua ntej -ntug tau mus txog peb ua ntej kawg ntawm peb lub hlis, thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm tus account manager nres suav, nws tsis yog ib phau ntawv cais. Tsis muaj dab tsi txog kev tsim khoom tau hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv thiab qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov twg tau hloov pauv yog qhov twg cov phau ntawv nyob.
Peb tsim coils thiab cov ntawv tiav hauv Dongguan, uas txhais tau hais tias peb zaum ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm email feem ntau txaus los tsim qhov pom. Feem ntau, qhov ua rau tsis yog kev tuav rawv lossis ib pawg tsis zoo. Nws yog cov qauv lossis cov khoom sib txawv uas tsis tau teev tseg vim nws tsis pom ntawm cov qauv pom zoo. Dab tsi hauv qab no yog cov kab tshwj xeeb uas feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim, thiab yuav ua li cas qhia ib phau ntawv uas tab tom txhim kho ib txwm patina los ntawm ib qho uas pib degrade - ua ntej koj tso qhov kev txiav txim ntau dua li tom qab.
Dab tsi "Hard Cover" Tiag Yuav Koj, thiab Dab Tsi Nws Tsis
Lub npog tawv tsis yog ib qho khoom siv. Nws yog peb txheej ua haujlwm ua ke, thiab txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li qhov sib txawv. Thawj yog lub rooj tsavxwm, feem ntau yog greyboard lossis binder board, feem ntau ntawm 1.5 thiab 3 hli nyob ntawm qhov loj me thiab qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm phau ntawv tiav yog xav tau. Qhov thib ob yog cov ntaub ntawv npog: ntawv, phau ntawv ntaub, PU, lossis ib daim ntawv luam tawm laminated. Qhov thib peb yog lub rooj sib txoos: lub casing-hauv, tig-ins ntawm ntug, thiab cov ntawv kawg uas khi rooj plaub rau phau ntawv thaiv.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hais meej txog dab tsi cov nyiaj ntxiv yuav, vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tawv tawv tiv thaiv cov ntawv npog muag cov lus nug feem ntau tau txais cov lus teb ntawm kev xav ntau dua li cov pov thawj. Cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv ntev dua lossis cov luam ntawv muaj sia nyob zoo dua. Dab tsi nws feem ntau yuav yog ib puag ncig nruj uas ua kom cov phau ntawv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb thiab tiv thaiv cov ces kaum thiab ua ntej -ntug los ntawm kev sib tsoo uas xaus ntau yam mos- npog phau ntawv hauv lub hnab.
Feem ntau hais lus raukev cai hard cover notebooksqhia cov ntaub ntawv npog hauv obsessive nthuav dav thiab cov qauv qab nws NW nyuam qhuav kiag li. Cov khoom siv npog, xim, tiav, deboss qhov tob thiab ntawv ci yog tam sim no; board grain kev taw qhia, qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv kawg thiab cov nplaum nplaum feem ntau tsis tuaj. Qhov ntawd yog hmoov tsis, vim hais tias thaum lub rooj sib hais warps los yog delaminates, qhov teeb meem hauv qab feem ntau pib hauv lub rooj tsavxwm lossis kev sib dhos. Cov ntaub npog yuav tsuas yog qhov chaw uas koj pom thawj zaug.
Muaj ib qho txiaj ntsig kev yuav khoom zais hauv qhov asymmetry:qhov ua tiav - rau - qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov kev hais lus yog nws tus kheej nyeem ntawm tus neeg muag khoom.Cov lus hais uas qhia txog lub rooj tsavxwm thiab cov ntawv kawg uas tsis tau nug tej zaum yog los ntawm ib tus neeg uas tau tsim cov phau ntawv thiab tau cuam tshuam txog qhov tshwm sim thaum lawv ua tsis tiav. Cov lus hais qhia txog kaum ib qhov kev xaiv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tawm ntawm cov kab ke khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev txiav txim siab ua ntej koj tau pom ib qho qauv, raws li thawj cov ntaub ntawv uas tus neeg xa khoom xa tuaj rau koj.
Muaj ib qho laj thawj ntawm kev lag luam drifted li no. Cov khoom siv npog yog dab tsi pab pawg neeg saib nyob rau hauv mockup; lub rooj tsavxwm, cov ntawv kawg thiab cov ntaub ntawv- nyob rau hauv yog dab tsi tus binder xav txog. Yog tias tus neeg sau qhov tshwj xeeb tsis tau ua ib phau ntawv, qhov chaw uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom yuav nyob twj ywm tsis qhia. Thiab qhov tsis meej txhais tau tias lub Hoobkas txiav txim siab - qee zaum zoo, qee zaum raws li cov khoom siv uas twb tau siv rau hauv pem teb ntau lawm.
Grain Direction: Cov kab Spec Tsis muaj leej twg sau
Thaum tus neeg yuav khoom qhia txog curling npog, thawj qhov kev xav yog feem ntau thov kom cov board tuab. Nws yog ib qho kev kho intuitive, thiab nws feem ntau yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Board, zoo li ntawv, muaj cov nplej: cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb uas nws cov fibers ua ke thaum tsim khoom. Nws teb txawv rau cov dej noo thiab khoov nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawd. Rau ib rooj plaub- phau ntawv khi, txoj kev sib khi ib txwm yog los khiav lub rooj tsav tsheb sib npaug rau tus txha nraub qaum. Thaum lub rooj tsavxwm raug txiav hla- nplej, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau qhov txav mus los thiab hneev taw nyuaj rau tswj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej - ntug. Ua lub rooj tsavxwm thicker tsis kho qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov nplej; nws tuaj yeem tsim ib phau ntawv hnyav dua nrog tib qhov teeb meem hauv qab.
Peb khaws ib qho yooj yim ua qauv qhia hauv chav ua qauv: ob rooj plaub ua los ntawm tib lub rooj tsavxwm, tib lub PU thiab tib lub nplaum, nrog rau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog grain orientation. Tom qab txuas ntxiv mus rau tib qhov chaw tsis muaj xwm txheej, tus ntoo khaub lig- cov ntaub ntawv nplej tsim muaj qhov pom ntau dua hneev nyob rau pem hauv ntej-ntev dua li qhov raug taw qhia.
Rau ib tus neeg yuav khoom, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim: nug tus neeg muag khoom kom hais cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus qhia thiab paub meej tias nws khiav mus rau qhov sib npaug. Ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm xoob lossis cov ntawv kawg, cov lus qhia tseem tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm maj mam flexing daim ntawv hauv ob qho tib si; cov khoom lag luam ib txwm muaj qhov txawv txav txawv ntawm ob lub axes. Rau kev pom zoo ntau lawm, txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas thiab tswj cov qoob loo es tsis yog tawm hauv tus neeg yuav khoom los txiav txim siab los ntawm rooj plaub tiav.
Grain kev taw qhia belongs rau sab saum toj ntawmib tug sawv kev soj ntsuam rau tej hardcover phau ntawv tsumvim nws tsis pom tom qab npog, kim kho tom qab ntau lawm, thiab pheej yig los tswj ua ntej txiav.
Vim li cas PU npog Peel: Hydrolysis yog ib qho ntawm thawj yam uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas
Qhov thib ob tsis ua hauj lwm hom yog tshuaj ntau tshaj li txhua yam, thiab nws yog feem ntau misdiagnosed li yooj yim hnav.
PU tsis yog ib qho chemistry. Polyurethane npog cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem polymer sib txawv, thiab lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kom ya raws sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb, ntau polyester-raws li polyurethane systems tuaj yeem raug rau hydrolysis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab cov av noo siab. Dej cuam tshuam nrog hydrolysis- cov pab pawg rhiab heev hauv cov polymer, txo qhov hnyav molecular thiab thaum kawg txhua yam kev ncaj ncees. Polyether-raws li polyurethane systems feem ntau yog xaiv qhov twg yuav tsum muaj hydrolysis ntau dua.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom phau ntawv, qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis nco txog chemistry. Nws yog kom paub cov tsos mob. Lub PU npog tuaj yeem pib tawg, tev lossis delaminating txawm tias nws tsis tau pom dua. Kev raug tshav kub thiab av noo ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tau tsim rau ib puag ncig.
Qhov cuam tshuam nrawm- txheej txheem kev laus rau cov ntaub coated yogISO 1419: 2019 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj. Txoj Kev C, feem ntau hu ua qhov ntsuas kub, nthuav tawm cov khoom siv los tswj cov cua sov thiab cov av noo thiab ntsuas qhov tsis zoo xws li tawg, tev lossis delamination dhau sijhawm. Yuav luag tsis muaj cov qauv sau ntawv hais txog nws, tab sis rau PU- cov phau ntawv npog uas yuav raug xa mus rau hauv cov khw muag khoom kub lossis cov chaw ntub dej, nws tsim nyog nug lub npog - cov khoom lag luam seb cov khoom puas muaj ISO 1419 Txoj Kev C tshwm sim thiab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawd yog dab tsi.
Lub Koom Haum rau Kev cog lus Textiles sivtsib lub lis piam raws li ISO 1419 Txoj Kev CRaws li cov lus qhia ua haujlwm rau polyurethane coated fabrics npaj rau kev siv sab hauv tsev. Qhov kev ntsuas ntawd yog los ntawm qhov kawg sib txawv - siv qeb, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li phau ntawv teev npe - tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau lav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thaum muab piv rau PU cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav pom zoo ib yam ntawm cov lus hais.
Ib yam li qhov tseem ceeb, tus naj npawb ntawm lub lis piam xeem yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv ncaj qha mus rau xyoo kev pabcuam hauv thaj chaw. Accelerated aging yog ib qho kev sib piv. Ib tsib-lub limtiam cov txiaj ntsig tsis txhais tau tias tsib xyoos, thiab kaum- lub limtiam cov txiaj ntsig tsis tau lees paub ob npaug ntawm qhov tiag- lub neej pabcuam hauv ntiaj teb. Siv cov txiaj ntsig los sib piv cov ntaub ntawv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo, tsis yog los tsim ib qho kev lees paub tias qhov kev sim nws tus kheej tsis txhawb nqa.
Cov lus nug tseem ceeb yuav yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim, "Puas yog PU tuab npaum li cas?" Nws yog:"Qhov kev tsim kho PU yog dab tsi, qhov kev txhawb nqa dab tsi yog siv, thiab dab tsi hydrolysis lossis nrawm dua -cov ntaub ntawv hnub nyoog muaj rau cov khoom siv tiag tiag?"
Muaj lwm qhov sib txawv tsim nyog ua ntawm cov lus hais. "Cov tawv tawv" thiab "PU tawv" tuaj yeem zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv duab, tab sis lawv yog cov qauv sib txawv. Bonded tawv feem ntau sib txuas cov tawv tawv fibers nrog cov hlua khi thiab cov txheej txheem saum npoo, thaum PU tawv yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Lawv hnav thiab kev laus tus cwj pwm yog li tsis tuaj yeem xav tias zoo ib yam.
Ib SKU, Ob Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb: Thaum Lub Npog Npog Nkoj Nkoj hauv Cov Khoom Loj
Ob tug distributors, tib artwork, tib lub Hoobkas, tib lub lim tiam ntawm ntau lawm. Ib tug qhia tsis muaj dab tsi. Lwm qhov pib xa cov duab hauv lub hli peb. Qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw.
Hydrolysis thiab noo noo-Txoj kev txav mus los muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig, uas txhais tau hais tias tib lub ntsiab lus tsis tas yuav ua tau zoo ib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw nws raug xa mus. Cov ntaub ntawv npog uas ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv huab cua- tswj chaw ua haujlwm hauv Stockholm yuav ntsib ib puag ncig kev pabcuam nyuaj dua hauv Singapore, ntug hiav txwv Queensland lossis Gulf khw uas kub, av noo, chaw cia khoom thiab kev thauj mus los sib txawv.
Raucov kev zov me nyuam yuav cov phau ntawv npog nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm pub dawbthoob plaws ntau lub cheeb tsam, qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj zoo kom tsis txhob ntsuas qhov muag tsis pom kev. Yog tias feem ntau ntawm koj lub ntim mus rau cov kev lag luam kub thiab muaj txiaj ntsig sib faib mus rau qhov chaw kub thiab av noo, muaj ob txoj hauv kev xaiv: txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb thoob plaws tag nrho cov kev pab cuam, lossis khaws cov qauv pom zoo ib yam thaum siv.ntau dua -kev ua tau zoo npog kev tsim kho rau cov chaw xav tau ntau dua.
European Spec Kab Uas Hloov Hauv 2026
Yog tias ib feem ntawm koj qhov ntim av nyob hauv EU, qhov no yog thaj chaw uas cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas.
Cov ntawv sau tsis muaj xws li cov ntawv sau npe, phau ntawv sau, phau ntawv teev npe thiab cov ntawv zoo sib xws yog feem ntau cais hauv qabHS/CN 4820, tsis yog Tshooj 49 rau cov ntawv luam tawm thiab lwm yam khoom luam tawm. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd tseem ceeb raws li EU Txoj Cai Deforestation Regulation, lossis EUDR.
Tias yog vim li cas cov lus nug ntawm cov khoom siv tswv yim tsis yog, "Koj puas tau lees paub EUDR?" EUDR tsis yog daim ntawv pov thawj khoom yooj yim. Ib lo lus nug zoo dua yog:"Rau cov ntawv thiab lub rooj tsavxwm siv hauv qhov kev txiav txim no, cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi uas koj tuaj yeem muab los txhawb peb tus neeg xa khoom EUDR vim kev mob siab rau?"
Ninety-Hnub Hard Cover Notebook Test Koj tuaj yeem khiav ua ntej koj kos npe
Khiav qhov no rau ntawmua ntej- qauv tsim khoom, tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv Tshuag los ntawm catalogue, vim hais tias ob feem ntau tsis ua raws nraim tib txoj kev. Nws xav tau tsis muaj lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb thiab tsuas yog qhov me me ntawm kev mloog zoo tshaj peb lub hlis.
| Theem | Yuav ua li cas los xyuas ntawm tus qauv | Yuav zoo li cas |
|---|---|---|
| Hnub 0 - qauv | Board grain kev taw qhia txheeb ze rau tus txha nraub qaum | Tus neeg muag khoom paub meej tias cov nplej khiav mus rau qhov sib npaug |
| Hnub 0 - khoom | Cov ntaub ntawv npog tsim nyog, thaub qab hom thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv ISO 1419 Txoj Kev C | Tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo ua haujlwm |
| Hnub 0 - sib dhos | Tig-ins ntawm tag nrho plaub lub ces kaum; endpaper nteg thiab nplaum npog ntawm lub pob khawm | Tsis muaj lifting ntawm cov ces kaum thiab tsis bubbling raws pob khawm |
| Hnub 0 - khi | Rau coil lossis xaim-o tsim: punch pitch matched kom tiav phau ntawv tuab | Cov nplooj ntawv tig los ntawm qhov xav tau ntau yam yam tsis muaj tus txha nraub qaum los yog lub kauj vab distorting |
| Hnub 30 | Npog flatness tom qab tus qauv tau zaum unwrapped nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm siv | Tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tshiab hneev taw ntawm lub hauv ntej - ntug |
| Hnub 60 | Nto hauv qab raking teeb; pob khawm tom qab rov qhib tag nrho | Tsis muaj kev tawg thaum ntxov lossis txheej txheej sib cais; pob khawm tseem hloov tau |
| Hnub 90 | Tag nrho kev sib piv nrog Hnub 0 | Ib txwm softening los yog sheen hloov yuav tau txais; cracking, lifting, flaking los yog progressive delamination tsis yog |
Ob daim ntawv tseem ceeb thaum khiav nws. Ua ntej, khaws cov qauv hauv kev siv tiag tiag. Ib phau ntawv khaws cia hauv lub tub rau khoom tsaus tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev sim uas qhia koj me ntsis txog nws yuav coj li cas hauv lub hnab ua haujlwm, ntawm lub rooj lossis lub sijhawm qhib thiab kaw. Thib ob, thaij duab rau hnub 0. Cov kev hloov pauv uas tseem ceeb feem ntau maj mam txaus kom nco ua qhov kev sib piv tsis zoo los ntawm Hnub 90.
Tseem nyob rau lub rooj hauv Xyoo Ob
Ib phau ntawv uas pib curling lossis tev hauv lub lim tiam kaum ob yeej tsis yog phau ntawv uas pheej yig. Nws yog tus nqi qis dua - phau ntawv luv nqi nrog lub neej luv luv tsis xav txog.
Sau los ntawm pab pawg khi thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm YPS, Dongguan. Chev, xaim-o thiab cov ntawv sau tiav tiav txij li xyoo 2017. Cov ntaub ntawv khi tau raug kuaj los ntawm thib peb- cov kev pabcuam pov thawj nrog rau SGS qhov muaj feem xyuam; Cov khoom siv khi nrog cov ntaub ntawv CE. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj muaj los ntawm YPS raws li kev thov.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog cov ntaub ntawv npog tawv tawv warp vim tias lub rooj tsavxwm nyias dhau lawm?
Tsis tas li. Board thickness cuam tshuam rau rigidity, tab sis cov kev taw qhia ntawm grain, noo noo tshuav nyiaj li cas, npog kev tsim kho thiab sib dhos tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv flatness. Nce board thickness tsis kho qhov tsis raug grain orientation.
Vim li cas qee cov PU tawv npog phau ntawv pib tev tawm tom qab lub hlis lossis xyoo?
Thaum tshav kub kub- thiab av noo-tsav hydrolysis yog ib qho ua tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog hydrolysis-sensitive polyurethane tsim. Nug tus neeg muag khoom kom paub meej txog kev tsim kho PU thiab txhua yam muaj nrawm dua - cov ntaub ntawv muaj hnub nyoog, suav nrog ISO 1419 Txoj Kev C tau txais qhov cuam tshuam.
Kuv yuav tsum tau kuaj dab tsi ua ntej pom zoo ib daim qauv ntawm phau ntawv npog nyuaj?
Kos board grain txheeb ze rau tus txha nraub qaum, qhov tseeb npog -cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab rov qab, sib dhos ntawm cov ces kaum thiab pob khawm, thiab - rau coil lossis xaim-o tsim - seb lub suab punch thiab binding txoj kab uas hla yog matched kom tiav phau ntawv thickness.
Puas yog cov phau ntawv npog nyuaj uas tau them los ntawm EU Txoj Cai Deforestation?
Muaj peev xwm, yog. Cov phau ntawv tsis muaj ntaub ntawv feem ntau tau muab cais raws li nqe lus 4820 es tsis yog Tshooj 49, yog li kev tshem tawm Tshooj 49 cov khoom lag luam los ntawm EUDR tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntawv sau dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Lub Xya Hli 2026 tau tso cai hloov pauv kuj tau qhia txog kev cais tawm rau qee yam kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm muab pub dawb. Kev kho mob ntawm phau ntawv tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb yog li ntawd nyob ntawm qhov kawg Annex I ntawv nyeem, kev faib khoom, khoom siv thiab kev siv tiag tiag.
Puas yog cov tawv tawv zoo ib yam li PU tawv ntawm cov lus hais?
Tsis yog. Lawv yog cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li kev hloov pauv yooj yim vim lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov tawv zoo sib xws -zoo li nto. Nug tus neeg muag khoom kom hais cov ntaub ntawv npog tiag tiag es tsis yog siv cov lus piav qhia dav dav xws li "leather-zoo".
Puas yog tsib lub lis piam raws li ISO 1419 Txoj Kev C txhais tau tias siv tsib xyoos?
Tsis yog. Ua kom nrawm dua - lub lis piam kuaj hnub nyoog tsis tau txhais ncaj qha rau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab sib piv cov ntaub ntawv uas tau sim nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, tsis yog rau kev hloov pauv lub neej yooj yim.
